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Objective@#To study the anatomical features of the distal humerus in Chinese healthy adults.@*Methods@#A total of 121 cases of normal elbow joint CT images were selected from the picture archiving and communication system (PACS), and reconstructed and measured on the AW4.5 workstation. Coronal plane and horizontal plane were determined by flexion-extension (FE) axis and humeral shaft, while the sagittal plane was perpendicular to the FE axis. The angle between the axis of humerus medullary cavity and the FE axis of elbow (H-FE angle) was measured on the coronal plane. The capitellar height (CH), lateral trochlear height (LTH), trochlear height (TH) and medial trochlear height (MTH) were measured on four different sagittal planes. The capitellar width (CW), capitellar depth (CD), anterior lateral trochlear width (ALTW), posterior lateral trochlear width (PLTW), trochlear width (TW), anterior medial trochlear width (AMTW), posterior medial trochlear width (PMTW), trochlear depth (TD), anterior lateral trochlear depth (ALTD), posterior lateral trochlear depth (PLTD), anterior medial trochlear depth (AMTD), posterior medial trochlear depth (PMTD), and distal humeral width (W) were measured on the horizontal plane. The gender differences in measured parameters, correlations between data, and differences in H-FE angle from 90° were analyzed.@*Results@#In male, CH was 21.5± 1.3 mm, CW 17.5±1.1 mm, CD 10.8±0.9 mm, TW 25.1±2.2 mm, TH 17.3±1.5 mm, TD 17.5±1.4 mm, ALTW 7.7±1.2 mm, PLTW 12.5±1.6 mm, AMTW 12.4±1.6 mm, PMTW 9.8±2.0 mm, ALTD 10.0±0.8 mm, PLTD 16.3±1.4 mm, AMTD 12.9±1.4 mm, PMTD 13.2±1.4 mm, LTH 20.6±1.3 mm, MTH 25.0±2.4 mm, W 42.6±2.5 mm. The above parameters in female was 18.7±1.1 mm, 15.3±1.1 mm, 9.5±0.6 mm, 21.7±1.5 mm, 15.4±1.7 mm, 15.6±1.5 mm, 6.8±1.3 mm, 10.7±1.4 mm, 10.6±1.4 mm, 8.5±1.4 mm, 8.9±0.8 mm, 14.5±1.1 mm, 11.4±1.1 mm, 11.5±1.0 mm, 18.1±1.4 mm, 21.6±1.4 mm and 37.0±1.8 mm, respectively. All the above anatomical parameters in men were larger than those in women with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). However, the H-FE angle (male: 87.4°±3.5°, female 87.8°±3.3°), CW/CH (male: 0.8±0.1, female: 0.8±0.1), TW/CW (male: 1.4±0.2, female: 1.4±0.1), MTH/LTH (male: 1.2±0.1, female: 1.2±0.1), AMTW/TW (male: 0.5±0.1, female: 0.5±0.1), PMTW/TW (male: 0.4±0.1, female: 0.4±0.1), ALTW/TW (male: 0.3±0.0, female: 0.3±0.1), PLTW/TW (male: 0.5±0.1, female: 0.5±0.1) were not statistically different between male and female groups (P>0.05). All measurements except for the H-FE angle had a positive correlation with the articular width (0.335≤r≤0.928, P<0.05). The difference between the angle of the H-FE axis (87.6°±3.4°) and 90° was statistically significant (t=-7.287, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The size of the distal humerus in male is larger than that in female without difference in shape. Distal humerus width can be used as an indicator to measure the size of the distal humerus. The humeral shaft is more biased toward the radial side.
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Objective To study the anatomical features of the distal humerus in Chinese healthy adults.Methods A total of 121 cases of normal elbow joint CT images were selected from the picture archiving and communication system (PACS),and reconstructed and measured on the AW4.5 workstation.Coronal plane and horizontal plane were determined by flexion-extension (FE) axis and humeral shaft,while the sagittal plane was perpendicular to the FE axis.The angle between the axis of humerus medullary cavity and the FE axis of elbow (H-FE angle) was measured on the coronal plane.The capitellar height (CH),lateral trochlear height (LTH),trochlear height (TH) and medial trochlear height (MTH) were measured on four different sagittal planes.The capitellar width (CW),capitellar depth (CD),anterior lateral trochlear width (ALTW),posterior lateral trochlear width (PLTW),trochlear width (TW),anterior medial trochlear width (AMTW),posterior medial trochlear width (PMTW),trochlear depth (TD),anterior lateral trochlear depth (ALTD),posterior lateral trochlear depth (PLTD),anterior medial trochlear depth (AMTD),posterior medial trochlear depth (PMTD),and distal humeral width (W) were measured on the horizontal plane.The gender differences in measured parameters,correlations between data,and differences in H-FE angle from 90° were analyzed.Results In male,CH was 21.5± 1.3 mm,CW 17.5±1.1 mm,CD 10.8±0.9 mm,TW 25.1±2.2 mm,TH 17.3±1.5 mm,TD 17.5±1.4 mm,ALTW 7.7±1.2 mm,PLTW 12.5±1.6 mm,AMTW 12.4±1.6 mm,PMTW 9.8±2.0 mm,ALTD 10.0±0.8 mm,PLTD 16.3±1.4 mm,AMTD 12.9±1.4 mm,PMTD 13.2±1.4 mm,LTH 20.6±1.3 mm,MTH 25.0±2.4 mm,W 42.6±2.5 mm.The above parameters in female was 18.7±1.1 mm,15.3± 1.1 mm,9.5±0.6 mm,21.7±1.5 mm,15.4±1.7 mm,15.6±1.5 mm,6.8±1.3 mm,10.7±1.4 mm,10.6±1.4 mm,8.5±1.4 mm,8.9±0.8 mm,14.5±1.1 mm,11.4±1.1 mm,11.5±1.0 mm,18.1±1.4 mm,21.6±1.4 mm and 37.0±1.8 mm,respectively.All the above anatomical parameters in men were larger than those in women with statistically significant difference (P＜0.05).However,the H-FE angle (male:87.4°±3.5°,female 87.8°±3.3°),CW/CH (male:0.8±0.1,female:0.8±0.1),TW/CW (male:1.4±0.2,female:1.4±0.1),MTH/LTH (male:1.2±0.1,female:1.2±0.1),AMTW/TW (male:0.5±0.1,female:0.5±0.1),PMTW/TW (male:0.4±0.1,female:0.4± 0.1),ALTW/TW (male:0.3±0.0,female:0.3±0.1),PLTW/TW (male:0.5±0.1,female:0.5±0.1) were not statistically different between male and female groups (P＞0.05).All measurements except for the H-FE angle had a positive correlation with the articular width (0.335≤r≤0.928,P＜0.05).The difference between the angle of the H-FE axis (87.6°±3.4°) and 90° was statistically significant (t=-7.287,P＜0.05).Conclusion The size of the distal humerus in male is larger than that in female without difference in shape.Distal humerus width can be used as an indicator to measure the size of the distal humerus.The humeral shaft is more biased toward the radial side.
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Objective@#This study aimed to measure the morphological parameters of the internal acoustic meatus(IAM) and its adjacent structures using temporal-bone thin-section CT(computed tomography).@*Methods@#CT images were obtained from 50 Chinese adult patients (25 males and 25 females, 100 sides) which had no visible lesion in the petrous part of the temporal bone and inner ear, the morphological parameters of all inner ear parts were sectionally measured on the specified plane using SPSS 22.0 software for statistical analysis.@*Results@#The integral morphological characteristics of the IAM were observed. These results revealed that anterior-posterior diameter of the internal acoustic poer(IAP)(CD) was (6.93±1.85)mm, the superior-inferior diameter of the IAP(EF) was (4.40±0.86)mm, the length of the IAM(AB) was (9.30±1.60)mm, the superior-inferior diameter of the IAM(the intersection of inner 1/3 section and middle 1/3 section) was (4.13±0.83)mm, the superior-inferior diameter of the IAM(the intersection of middle 1/3 section and outer 1/3 section) was (4.61±1.02)mm, the anterior-posterior diameter of the IAM(the intersection of inner 1/3 section and middle 1/3 section) was (6.62±1.92)mm, the anterior-posterior diameter of the IAM(the intersection of middle 1/3 section and outer 1/3 section) was (6.28±1.65)mm, the depth of transverse crest (superior wall) was (3.10±0.75)mm, the depth of transverse crest (interior wall)the was (1.46±0.59)mm, the distance from transverse crest vertex A to the superior wall of the IAM was (2.05±0.42)mm, the distance from transverse crest vertex A to the interior wall of the IAM was (2.93±0.41)mm, the thickness of the superior bone wall of the IAM (the intersection of inner 1/3 section and middle 1/3 section) was (4.45±1.34)mm, the thickness of the superior bone wall of the IAM (the intersection of middle 1/3 section and outer 1/3 section) was (4.32±1.12)mm, the thickness of the superior bone wall of the IAM (the intersection of outer 1/3 section and transverse crest vertex) was (4.37±1.28)mm, and the appearance ratio of the cells in the whole IAM superior wall was 32%.The whole IAM assumed the shape of short cylinder, inclining about 1 cm outward, with the upper-lower diameter and anterior-posterior diameter about 5 mm.@*Conclusion@#It is necessary for carrying out preoperative the temporal-bone thin-section CT to obtain the morphological parameters of the IAM, determine its basic morphology, and provide references to avoid damaging the other important structures during IAM surgeries.
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Objective:To measure the morphologic data of Chinese temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with computed tomography (CT) reconstruction technology,and to clarify the safe area for the fixation of Chinese temporomandibular joint prosthesis.Methods:A total of 100 adult skulls were scanned by CT and reconstructed.The width,thickness and angle h1,h2,h3,h4,d1,d2,d3,d4,ab,bc,cd,ad,α and β of zygomatic arch,the width and height BD and h of articular fossa and the width,thickness and angle S,h5,h6,h7,l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,m1,m2,m3,m4,m5 and γ of mandible in the fixed area of the TMJ prosthesis were measured;all the measurement indexes were divided into left and right groups by direction,and SPSS 19.0 software was used for the comparion of the measurement between left and right groups.Results:There were no statistical differences in the measurement index values of h1,h2,h3,h4,d1,d2,d3,d4,ab,bc,cd,ad,α,β,BD,h,S,h5,h6,h7,l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,m1,m2,m3,m4,m5 and γ in zygomatic arch,articular fossa and mandible in the fixed area of the TMJ prosthesis between left and right groups (P＞0.05);the width of h2 was longer than that of h3 in zygomatic arch (P=0.048);the thickness of d3 was thicker than that of d4 (P＜0.01).Conclusion:The measurement data of TMJ fixed area is obtained with three-dimensional CT images.
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Objective:To measure the morphologic data of Chinese temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with computed tomography (CT) reconstruction technology,and to clarify the safe area for the fixation of Chinese temporomandibular joint prosthesis.Methods:A total of 100 adult skulls were scanned by CT and reconstructed.The width,thickness and angle h1,h2,h3,h4,d1,d2,d3,d4,ab,bc,cd,ad,α and β of zygomatic arch,the width and height BD and h of articular fossa and the width,thickness and angle S,h5,h6,h7,l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,m1,m2,m3,m4,m5 and γ of mandible in the fixed area of the TMJ prosthesis were measured;all the measurement indexes were divided into left and right groups by direction,and SPSS 19.0 software was used for the comparion of the measurement between left and right groups.Results:There were no statistical differences in the measurement index values of h1,h2,h3,h4,d1,d2,d3,d4,ab,bc,cd,ad,α,β,BD,h,S,h5,h6,h7,l1,l2,l3,l4,l5,m1,m2,m3,m4,m5 and γ in zygomatic arch,articular fossa and mandible in the fixed area of the TMJ prosthesis between left and right groups (P＞0.05);the width of h2 was longer than that of h3 in zygomatic arch (P=0.048);the thickness of d3 was thicker than that of d4 (P＜0.01).Conclusion:The measurement data of TMJ fixed area is obtained with three-dimensional CT images.
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Objective:To measure the safe range from the foramen rotundum to the siphon of internal carotid artery using three-dimensional reconstruction technique, and to provide guidance for operation through pterygopalatine fossa.Methods:The skulls of 121 volunteers were scanned to get the final results with thin-section computed tomographic images.The position of the siphon of internal carotid artery (point A)and foramen rotundum (pointB)were ascertained.Three-dimensional reconstruction technique was used to build a coordinate system paralleled to the frankfort horizontal plane and the nasal septum plane.The coordinate system took point A as the coordinate origin.Point C and point D were the projections of point A in two planes parallel with frankfort horizontal plane and nasal septum plane which included point B.The distances of AC,AB,and BC were measured. The angles of the line went through A and B to the three planes were also measured.Results:The distance of AC was measured as 13.22 (3.79)mm (range,8.33 - 105.67 mm;95%CI:8.55 - 21.39 mm).The angle to the sagittal plane was measured as 33.54 (9.23)° (range,5.38- 66.58°;95%CI:30.88 - 34.20°). The angle to the coronal plane was measured as 53.17 (10.48)°(range,5.60-75.02°;95%CI:51.29-55.06°).The angle to the horizontal plane was measured as 9.43 (12.91 ) mm (range,- 28.44 - 82.22;95% CI:7.11 - 11.76 ). Conclusion:The safety distance from foramen rotundum to the siphon of internal carotid artery in the operation through pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) under nasoendoscope is obtained by thin-section computed tomographic images.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the hematological and molecular characteristics of hemoglobin Q-Thailand in Guangxi, so as to provide reference data for hemoglobinopathy screening.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 51088 samples were screened by capillary electrophoresis. Samples suspected with Hb Q-Thailand were processed with blood cell count and DNA sequencing. Gap-PCR and PCR-reverse dot blotting were used for the detection of common mutations of alpha and beta thalassemia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The carrier rate of Hb Q-Thailand in Guangxi was 0.06%. The hematological phenotype index(HGB, MCV, MCH, Hb Q-Thailand, Hb A2, Hb QA2) of 28 Hb Q-Thailand heterozygous samples were (125.60±22.30) g/L, (78.22±4.81) fl, (25.79±2.14) pg, (27.37±2.72)%, (1.89±0.22)%, (0.69±0.16)%, respectively, and of 2 Hb Q-Thailand heterozygous combined with beta-thalassemia samples were (125.00±18.39) g/L, (69.65±5.02) fl, (22.00±0.0) pg, (14.80±0.71)%, (4.45±0.07)%, (0.95±0.71)%, respectively. A statistical difference was found in hematological phenotype index between the two groups except HGB (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In Guangxi, the detected Hb Q-Thailands were mainly heterozygous. Part of Hb Q-Thailand heterozygotes had normal red blood cell parameters, but can still be detected by hemoglobin electrophoresis. When combined with other types of thalassemia, these heterozygotes may still exhibit reduced MCV and MCH or various degrees of anemia.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Base Sequence , China , Electrophoresis, Capillary , Genotype , Hemoglobins, Abnormal , Genetics , Metabolism , Heterozygote , Molecular Sequence Data , Mutation , Phenotype , Thalassemia , Blood , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To measure the morphological parameters of cervical endplate of Chinese by using computed tomography (CT)scans,and to provide an accurate morphometric basis for designing and developing the cervical disc prostheses.Methods 80 healthy subjects were scanned by CT.The parameters of each cervical vertebra from C3 to C7 were measured by CT scans including upper anteroposterior length (APLu),upper center mediolateral length (CMLu),lower anteroposterior length (APLl) and lower center mediolateral length (CMLl).These parameters were compared between genders and among different vertebral levels.Results The values of APLu, CMLu,APLl and CMLl were increased with the decreasing of cervical segment (P APLu = 0.023,P CMLu = 0.007, P APLl =0.035,P CMLl < 0.001).There was statistically significant difference in morphological parameters between genders (P < 0.05).Compared with the reported data of other different populations,the statistically significant difference in morphological parameters also existed in the study.Conclusion The study provides an accurate morphological basis for designing the suitable artificial cervical disc for Chinese population.
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Objective To investigate the volume of hippocampal formation in normal adult using coronal magnetic resonance imaging. Methods 3D-fSPGR sequence was used to depict the brain in 68 healthy adult. The volume of hippocampus was calculated by drawing the outline of 10 coronal hippocampal formation images acquired equally form posterior border of rostrum corpus callosum to anterior border of the splenium. Data were analysed using the SPSS 17.0 software. Results In the coronal plane images of normal adult brain, the absolute volume of left and right hippocampal formation were 2 319.63-2 610.73 mm3 and 2 447.52-2 749.50 mm3 respectively . The relative volume of left and right hippocampal formation were 2 319 . 87-2 602 . 47 mm 3 and 2 443.96-2 755.89 mm3. There were no correlation between hippocampal volume and age (r = 0.084, P = 0.549. Significant gender differences (t=2.500, P=0.029) were observed between absolute volume of right hippocampal formation in the youth group. There were significant differences in the absolute volume (t = -2.571, P = 0.022), relative volume (t = 2.600, P = 0.021) among the right and left hippocampal formation. Significant absolute volume differences (P = 0.038) were observed between the middle-aged group and the youth group among the hippocampal formation of women. Conclusion No significant differences were observed in age, gender among the hippocampal volume of normal adult, and there was a significant difference between the left and right hippocampal formation volume.
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Objective To research the jugular foramen,internal auditory pore (IAP)and the turning point between its components by imageological methods and to provide theoretical basis for retrosigmoid approach in the operation of acoustic neurinoma.Methods The skulls of 100 volunteers were scanned to get the final result with thin-section computed tomographic image. High-resolution spiral CT multiplane reformation was used to reform images that were parallel to the Frankfort horizontal plane to measure the distance between the turning point of retrosigmoid (A),the edge of jugular foramen(B)and the lower edge of the internal auditory canal(C)(denoted AC,AB,BC) and the shortest distance from the jugular foramen to AC.The angles between AC,AB and sagittal axis(α,β) were measured.Results The distance of AC was (44.94 ± 3.84)mm,the distance of AB was (43.68 ± 4.56)mm.The distance of BC was (6.15 ±2.04)mm,and the shortest distance between jugular foramen and AC was (5.21±0.23)mm.The angleαwas measured as (39.50±4.74)°,and the angleβwas measured as (46.35± 5.51)°.Conclusion The research measure the distance and angle between entry points and landmarks of retrosigmoid approach and the safe distance.
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Objective To acquire some related data of surgical approach through brain superior temporal sulcus to temporal horn of lateral ventricle by MRI volume rendering, and to orientate the point of superior temporal sulcus on the lateral surface which is closest to temporal horn of lateral ventricle,and to find out the best entrance point of surgical approach through superior temporal sulcus to temporal horn of lateral ventricle.Methods 120 adult cases of MRI scanning specimens were chosen for measurement. MRI volume rendering technology was used to rebuild the brain 3D model for the measurement of the full length of superior temporal sulcus S1 .Then cutting along the prependicular to the direction of the long axis of the temporal lobe with 1.0 mm spacings,the coronal sections were obtained,and the distance from superior temporal sulcus to temporal horn of lateral ventricle was ordinally measured and the shortest distance S2 was made sure.And the depth of superior temporal sulcus S3 was detected. The corresponding point on the surface of the brain at superior temporal sulcus according to the point leading the shortest distance S4 was determined. The ratio of S4 to S1 M was calculated. The angle between the shortest distance and median sagittal plane asαwas determined.All the samples were measured on both sides of the brain and all the data were compared.Results The S1 of the 120 cases was (159.56 ± 17.55)mm on the left and (164.35± 15.07)mm on the right,there was no statistical difference between two cerebral hemispheres(P>0.05);the S2 was (8.18±0.96)mm on the left and (7.81±0.90)mm on the right,there was no statistical difference between two cerebral hemispheres(P>0.05);the S3 was (12.19±1.43)mm on the left and (11.57± 1.33)mm on the right,there was no statistical difference between two cerebral hemispheres(P>0.05);the S4 was (100.88±16.09)mm on the left and (104.15±14.49)mm on the right,there was no statistical difference between two cerebral hemispheres(P>0.05);the M was (0.63 ±0.07)on the left and (0.63 ±0.06)on the right,there was no statistical difference between two cerebral hemispheres(P>0.05);theαwas (55.80±3.64)°on the left and (56.46±4.17)°on the right,there was no statistical difference between two cerebral hemispheres(P>0.05). Conclusion The point at the front side 3/5 of superior temporal sulcus may be the ideal surgical approach entrance point.The distance from the point to temporal horn of lateral ventricle is shortest.It indicates that the approach can reduce the damage of brain tissue.
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Objective To measure the reconstructed cranial CT images,and to clarify the safety range of unilateral nasal transsphenoidal approach for pituitary surgery.Methods 100 normal pituitary cranial CT images were randomly selected,and the three-dimensional reconstruction was performed by using the CT images of perpendicular and parallel to the edge of the two eyes as base line, and the distance and angle in unilateral nasal transsphenoidal approach for pituitary surgery from the sagittal plane in the middle of the nasal meatus and the plane through the tip of the nose and both ends of dorsum sellae were measured,respectively. The angles and distances were compared when grouped the data by gender and age. Results Angle A1 (the angle between the tip of the nose and the tuberculum sellae and saddle back root line in the sagittal plane)in the sagittal plane of the middle nasal meatus was (11.22±1.35)°,95% confidence interval was 8.92°-13.76°degrees;the distance D1(the distance on the line between tuberculum sellae and saddle back root, and the line was formed by the plate contained the angle A1 and sellar floor)was (16.71 ± 2.07)mm,95% confidence interval was 13.11-19.93 mm.Angle A2 (the angle between the tip of the nose and the saddle back ends)which was in the plane through the tip of the nose and both ends of dorsum sellae was (8.91±1.19)°,95% confidence interval was 7.12°-10.72°;the distance D2(the distance on the line between the saddle back ends,and the line was formed by the plate contained the angle A2 and sellar floor)was (14.23±2.09)mm,95% confidence interval was 10.81-17.92 mm. The four parameter data was normally distributed,and there was no significantly statistic difference between different gender and ages (P>0.05).Conclusion The angle of the movement for unilateral nasal transsphenoidal approach for pituitary surgery operation in the sagittal plane in the middle of the nasal meatus should be less than (11.22 ± 1.35)°,and the distance of the movement should be less than (16.71±2.07)mm. The angle of the movement in the plane through the tip of the nose and both ends of dorsum sellae should be less than (8.9 1 ± 1.1 9 )°, and the distance of the movement should be less than (14.23±2.09)mm.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To raise awareness of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of thalassemia by reporting one case of α thalassemia patient with a large deletion fragment and analyzing the pedigree.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Firstly, blood cells and hemoglobin electrophoresis analysis were used for screening of thalassemia, and then three common kinds of deletional α thalassemia in Chinese was detected by Gap-PCR, three common kinds of non- deletional α thalassemia and seventeen common mutations of β thalassemia in Chinese were analyzed by using PCR- RDB. The unknown mutation of samples was identified with Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) and DNA sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proband female presented with microcytic hypochromic anemia(hemoglobin 71 g/L, mean corpuscular volume 52.4 fl, mean corpuscular hemoglobin 16.1 pg), and hemoglobin A2 1.4%. The identified large deletion fragment length was 21 925 bp, so far which had not been reported in the world and was named -α²¹·⁹. It was registered in USA DNA database and GenBank accession number as KF360979. The genotype of her mother and father and brother were αα/-α²¹·⁹, --(SEA)/-α³·⁷, αα/-α³·⁷ respectively, and the genotype of her and her sister were the same of --(SEA)/-α²¹·⁹. Her husband gene of thalassemia had no mutation, so prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia was not carried out in the pregnant woman.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The discovery of -α(21.9) deletion mutation was enriched the DNA mutation gene database of thalassemia, and had important significance for genetic counseling and thalassemia prenatal diagnosis.</p>
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Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Pedigree , Sequence Deletion , alpha-Thalassemia , GeneticsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Appropriate direction and angle of traction for the vertebral artery type cervical spondylosis(CSA)make significant effect.Selective angiography is recognized as"gold standard"to diagnose the vascular disease.Although magnetic resonance angiography as a non-invasive examination,there exist shortcomings such as a longer time checking,vulnerable to man-made factors,a certain aggressive feature.OBJECTIVE: Through the use of color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI)and transcranial Doppler sonography(TCD)adding the test of turning neck,to analyze the change of blood current parameter before and after the tractions from different directions and angles.METHODS: 240 cases suffering CSA were selected and divided into groups according to anatomy angle of lesion parts(upper cervical segments,lower cervical segments,mixed type)and traction mode,angel(anteversion sitting position 1°-10°,11°-20°,21°-30° groups,posterior extension sitting position 1°-10°,11°-20°,21°-30° groups,neutral position sitting position group).Local massage served as control group.The indexes of vertebral artery of neck part including inner diameter(D)of narrowest location,peak systolic velocity and average velocity of blood were measured by CDFI adding the test of turning neck.The indexes of left vertebral artery,right vertebral artery and basiiar artery including peak velocity(Vp)of period of contraction and mean velocity(Vm)of blood were measured by TCD adding the test of turning neck.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ①We determined vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis on the base of anatomic site. On the basis of diseased region,we divided cervical syndrome into 3 types.They were superior part(C1-C3),inferior part (C4-C6) and commixture.it offers clinical guidance for traction therapy from spondylous morphous and mechanics.② We determined the gbest angle of traction.The therapeutic efficacy in posterior extension sitting position occupying 11-20～was better in upper hind neck;the therapeutic efficacy in anteversion sitting position occupying 11-20° was better in inferior neck; the therapeutic efficacy in anteversion sitting position occupying 1-10° was better in neutral position sitting position.③ We knew that CDFI and TCD are the convenient,non-invasive,safe and reduplicative methods to guide traction therapy in vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis.
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Objective To find the optimal route of eontralateral C7 nerve transfer for brachial plexus avulsion injuries through autopsy. Methods The bilateral brachial plexus were exposed on 30 sides of 15 cadaverie specimens of adult. The C7 nerve root was sectioned at the junction site of trunk and division, and then dissected proximally to the foramina. The max length of anterior and posterior division of C7 was measured. The distance between the roof of C7 and the upper trunk and the lower trunk at the affected side through vertebral body route, prespinal route and a subcutaneous tunnel on the anterior surface of the neck was measured. Results The max length of anterior and posterior division of C7 was (7.67±1.06) cm and (7.79±1.36) cm respectively. The distance between the roof of C7 and the upper trunk at the affected side through vertebral body route, prespinal route and a subcutaneous tunnel on the anterior surface of the neck was (6.97±0.56) cm and (10.04±0.94) cm and (16.56±1.24) cm respectively, there were statistical significance among them (P < 0.01). The distance between the roof of C7 and the lower trunk at the affected side through vertebral body route and prespinal route and a subcutaneous tunnel on the anterior surface of the neck was (6.82±0.92) cm、(9.91±0. 83) cm and (17.64±0.97) cm, with a significant difference (P<0.01). Conclusion The best way of contralateral C7 nerve transfer for the treatment of brachial plexus injury was through the vertebral body route from the point of anatomy.